Prepositions (संबंधबोधक अव्यय)
Preposition वह शब्द है, जो किसी Noun या Pronoun का संबंध वाक्य के दूसरे शब्द से समय, स्थान, दिशा, कारण, साधन, स्थिति आदि के आधार पर बताता है।
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to another word in a sentence.
- The book is on the table.
- He lives in Delhi.
- She came at 5 p.m.
- He went to school.
- I wrote the letter with a pen.
Preposition के बाद सामान्यतः Noun, Pronoun या Gerund आता है।
- He spoke to me.
- She is fond of singing.
Kinds of Prepositions
- Simple Preposition
- Double Preposition
- Compound Preposition
- Participle Preposition
- Phrase Preposition
1. Simple Preposition
एक शब्द वाले Prepositions को Simple Prepositions कहते हैं।
at, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, through, to, under, with
2. Double Preposition
दो Prepositions के मेल से बने Prepositions को Double Prepositions कहते हैं।
into, onto, upon, within, without, throughout
3. Compound Preposition
किसी Noun, Adjective या Adverb के साथ Preposition जुड़कर बने शब्द Compound Prepositions कहलाते हैं।
above, across, along, around, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, underneath
4. Participle Preposition
Participle के रूप में प्रयुक्त होकर Preposition का कार्य करने वाले शब्द Participle Prepositions कहलाते हैं।
concerning, considering, regarding, respecting, barring, pending, notwithstanding
- Considering his age, he is very active.
- Regarding your application, we will reply soon.
- Barring accidents, the train will arrive on time.
5. Phrase Preposition
दो या अधिक शब्दों का समूह जो Preposition का काम करे, Phrase Preposition कहलाता है।
because of, due to, in spite of, instead of, in front of, in addition to, according to, on account of, by means of, with regard to
Prepositions of Time
At, On and In for Time
| Preposition | Main Use | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| At | Exact time, festivals/short points of time | at 5 p.m., at noon, at midnight, at night |
| On | Days and dates | on Monday, on 15 August, on my birthday |
| In | Months, years, seasons, long periods, parts of day | in June, in 2026, in winter, in the morning |
- at night
- in the morning
- in the afternoon
- in the evening
- on Monday morning
Since and For
- Since = point of time
- For = period of time
- He has lived here since 2020.
- He has lived here for five years.
By, Until and Till
- By = किसी समय तक कार्य पूरा हो जाना
- Until/Till = किसी समय तक कार्य जारी रहना
- Finish the work by Monday.
- Wait here until Monday.
During and For
- During के बाद event या period का Noun आता है।
- For अवधि बताता है।
- He slept during the meeting.
- He slept for two hours.
Within
Within का अर्थ है किसी निश्चित अवधि समाप्त होने से पहले।
Complete the work within two days.
Prepositions of Place
At, On and In for Place
| Preposition | Main Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| At | Specific point/place | at the station, at the door |
| On | Surface | on the table, on the wall |
| In | Inside an area, city, country, room | in the room, in Delhi, in India |
Above and Over
- Above = ऊँचे स्थान पर; जरूरी नहीं कि ठीक ऊपर हो।
- Over = ठीक ऊपर, ढकना, पार करना या अधिक होना।
- The fan is above my head.
- The plane flew over the city.
- He is over sixty.
Below and Under
- Below = निचले स्तर पर।
- Under = सीधे नीचे, ढका हुआ या नियंत्रण में।
- The temperature is below zero.
- The cat is under the table.
- The matter is under investigation.
Between and Among
- Between = दो या स्पष्ट रूप से अलग व्यक्तियों/वस्तुओं के बीच।
- Among = समूह के बीच।
- Divide the money between Ram and Shyam.
- She was sitting among her friends.
तीन या अधिक स्पष्ट और अलग items के लिए भी between संभव है, जैसे an agreement between India, Nepal and Bhutan.
Beside and Besides
- Beside = बगल में।
- Besides = इसके अतिरिक्त।
- He sat beside me.
- Besides English, she knows Hindi.
In Front of and Before
- In front of = स्थान में सामने।
- Before = समय, क्रम या औपचारिक उपस्थिति में पहले।
- The car is parked in front of the house.
- He arrived before me.
- He appeared before the judge.
Prepositions of Direction and Movement
To and Towards
- To = destination।
- Towards = दिशा की ओर; destination तक पहुँचना जरूरी नहीं।
- He went to school.
- He walked towards the school.
In and Into
- In = स्थिति।
- Into = बाहर से अंदर की ओर movement।
- He is in the room.
- He went into the room.
On and Onto
- On = surface पर स्थिति।
- Onto = surface की ओर movement।
- The book is on the table.
- The cat jumped onto the table.
Across and Through
- Across = एक side से दूसरी side तक surface/open area पर।
- Through = किसी enclosed space या अंदरूनी मार्ग से।
- He swam across the river.
- The train passed through the tunnel.
Out of and Off
- Out of = अंदर से बाहर।
- Off = surface से अलग।
- He came out of the room.
- The cup fell off the table.
Commonly Confused Prepositions
- By = agent, means, method, transport।
- With = instrument या object used।
The letter was written by Ram.
Ram wrote the letter with a pen.
He travelled by train.
- Of = relation, material when identity remains, possession।
- From = source, origin, separation।
A table made of wood.
Cheese is made from milk.
- Since Present Perfect/Perfect Continuous के साथ past point से अब तक।
- From starting point बताता है; अक्सर to/till के साथ।
He has lived here since 2020.
The office is open from 9 to 5.
Against का अर्थ विरोध, सहारा या संपर्क हो सकता है।
- They protested against the decision.
- The ladder is leaning against the wall.
Fixed Verb + Preposition Combinations
| Verb | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| abide | by | Abide by the rules. |
| accuse | of | He was accused of theft. |
| agree | with / to / on | agree with a person; agree to a proposal; agree on a point |
| apologize | to / for | apologize to someone for something |
| apply | for / to | apply for a post; apply to an authority |
| belong | to | This book belongs to me. |
| consist | of | The team consists of eleven players. |
| depend | on/upon | Success depends on hard work. |
| deprive | of | He was deprived of his rights. |
| differ | from / with | This differs from that; I differ with you. |
| insist | on/upon | He insisted on going. |
| listen | to | Listen to me. |
| object | to | I object to this plan. |
| prevent | from | Rain prevented us from going. |
| rely | on/upon | You can rely on him. |
| suffer | from | He suffers from fever. |
| wait | for | Wait for me. |
Adjective + Preposition Combinations
| Adjective | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| afraid | of | He is afraid of dogs. |
| angry | with / at | angry with a person; angry at something |
| aware | of | Are you aware of the rule? |
| capable | of | She is capable of doing it. |
| different | from | This is different from that. |
| famous | for | Agra is famous for the Taj Mahal. |
| fond | of | He is fond of music. |
| full | of | The glass is full of water. |
| good | at | She is good at mathematics. |
| interested | in | I am interested in science. |
| proud | of | We are proud of you. |
| responsible | for | He is responsible for the loss. |
| similar | to | This is similar to that. |
| superior | to | This product is superior to that one. |
Noun + Preposition Combinations
| Noun | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| access | to | We have access to the internet. |
| cause | of | What was the cause of the accident? |
| demand | for | There is a demand for skilled workers. |
| effect | on | Pollution has an effect on health. |
| increase | in | There was an increase in prices. |
| invitation | to | I received an invitation to the party. |
| need | for | There is a need for reform. |
| reason | for | What is the reason for your absence? |
| solution | to | We need a solution to this problem. |
Important SSC Exam Rules
Preposition के बाद Verb आए, तो सामान्यतः V₁ + ing आता है।
He is interested in learning English.
Preposition के बाद Objective Pronoun आता है।
This is between you and me.
कुछ Verbs के साथ extra Preposition नहीं लगाया जाता।
- discuss the matter — not discuss about
- enter the room — केवल physical प्रवेश के अर्थ में सामान्यतः enter into नहीं; लेकिन enter into an agreement/discussion जैसे abstract expressions सही हैं।
- reach the station — not reach at the station
- order food — not order for food, जब “मंगाना” अर्थ हो
Correct: She is married to a doctor.
Incorrect: married with
I prefer tea to coffee.
He is senior to me.
This product is superior to that one.
- On time = निर्धारित समय पर।
- In time = देर होने से पहले।
The train arrived on time.
We reached in time to catch the train.
- At the end = किसी चीज के अंतिम भाग पर।
- In the end = अंततः।
There is a question at the end of the chapter.
In the end, he accepted the offer.
कुछ institutional expressions बिना article के fixed usage में आते हैं।
- in bed
- at school
- at home
- in prison
- at work
-
Wrong: He is good in English.
Correct: He is good at English. -
Wrong: She is married with a doctor.
Correct: She is married to a doctor. -
Wrong: He discussed about the issue.
Correct: He discussed the issue. -
Wrong: We reached at the station.
Correct: We reached the station. -
Wrong: He entered into the room.
Correct: He entered the room. -
Wrong: He is senior than me.
Correct: He is senior to me. -
Wrong: I prefer tea than coffee.
Correct: I prefer tea to coffee. -
Wrong: She has been here from Monday.
Correct: She has been here since Monday. -
Wrong: He has lived here since five years.
Correct: He has lived here for five years. -
Wrong: He is afraid from dogs.
Correct: He is afraid of dogs.
Quick Revision
- At = exact point; On = surface/day/date; In = enclosed area/long period.
- Since = point of time; For = period of time.
- By = deadline; Until/Till = continuation up to a time.
- Between = distinct items; Among = group.
- Beside = बगल में; Besides = अतिरिक्त।
- In = स्थिति; Into = movement अंदर की ओर।
- On = स्थिति; Onto = movement surface की ओर।
- Across = surface/open area के पार; Through = अंदर से होकर।
- Preposition के बाद Objective Pronoun या Gerund आता है।
- Senior, junior, superior, inferior, preferable के साथ to आता है।